These drugs are also indirect DNA-interacting agents . examples are :
1. vincristine
2. vinblastine
3. vinorelbine
4. paclitaxel
5. docetaxel
6. etramustine phosphate
7. NAB-paclitaxel ( protein bound )
Showing posts with label drugs. Show all posts
Showing posts with label drugs. Show all posts
Sunday, July 7, 2013
60 - Anti-Epileptic drugs
1. Hydantoin derivatives : Phenytoin, methotoin and ethotoin
2. Barbiturates : Phenobarbitone, primidone.
3. Iminostillbenes : Carbamazepine.
4. Succinimides : Ethosuximide, methosuximide
5. GABA transaminase inhibitors : Sodium valproate, Vigabatrin
6. GABA reuptake inhibitors : Tiagabine
7. GABA agonists : Gabapentin.
8. Benzodiazepines : Clonazepam, diazepam and clobazam.
44 - Antimetabolites drugs ( Anticancer drugs )
These drugs are indirect DNA-interacting agents . examples are :
1. deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) ^
2. 6-mercaptopurine ^
3. 6-thioguanine ^
4. azathioprine ^
5. 2-chlorodeoxy adenosine (cladribine) ^
6. fludarabine phosphate ^
7. asparaginase
8. hydroxy urea
9. capacitabine "
10. cytosine arabinoside "
11. azacytidine "
12. gemcitabine "
13. 5-fluorouracil "
14. methotrexate ~
15. pemetrexed ~
---------------------------------
^ (1-6) Purine analogs and related inhibitors .
" (9-13) Pyramidine analogs
~ (14,15) Folic acid analogs
1. deoxycoformycin (pentostatin) ^
2. 6-mercaptopurine ^
3. 6-thioguanine ^
4. azathioprine ^
5. 2-chlorodeoxy adenosine (cladribine) ^
6. fludarabine phosphate ^
7. asparaginase
8. hydroxy urea
9. capacitabine "
10. cytosine arabinoside "
11. azacytidine "
12. gemcitabine "
13. 5-fluorouracil "
14. methotrexate ~
15. pemetrexed ~
---------------------------------
^ (1-6) Purine analogs and related inhibitors .
" (9-13) Pyramidine analogs
~ (14,15) Folic acid analogs
Saturday, July 6, 2013
53 - Benzodiazepine interactions with other drugs
Benzodiazepine interactions with other drugs.
Decreased absorption of benzodiazepines
Increased half-life of diazepam and
triazolam
Increased levels of diazepam and
triazolam
Alprazolam and diazepam raise
digoxin level
Increased duration of action of sedatives
Inhibition of antiparkinsonism effect
Impaired clearance of diazepam
Decreased absorption of benzodiazepines
Increased half-life of diazepam and
triazolam
Increased levels of diazepam and
triazolam
Alprazolam and diazepam raise
digoxin level
Increased duration of action of sedatives
Inhibition of antiparkinsonism effect
Impaired clearance of diazepam
Friday, July 5, 2013
51 - Antimicrobial chemotherapy - Rest of drugs
Inhibitors of nucleic acid synthesisInhibitors of folate metabolismInhibitor of mycolic acid synthesisMycobacterial mycolic acid biosynthesisAlteration of cytoplasmic membraneBacterial membrane permeabilityFungal ergosterol biosynthesis
46 - Molecularly targeted anticancer drugs
These drugs target a specific molecule and function as anticancer agents
1. imatinib
2. tretinoin
3. bexarotene
4. gemtuzumab ozogamicin
5. denileukin diftitox
6. gefitinib
7. erlotinib
8. dasatinib
9. sorafenib
10. sunitinib
1. imatinib
2. tretinoin
3. bexarotene
4. gemtuzumab ozogamicin
5. denileukin diftitox
6. gefitinib
7. erlotinib
8. dasatinib
9. sorafenib
10. sunitinib
48 - Atypical Antipsychotic drugs
Atypical antipsychotics are those drugs which act as antipsychotics but atypically have a very low risk of producing adverse extrapyramidal neurological side effects . These are
1. Risperidone
2. Quetiapine
3. Arisipiprazole
4. Clozapine
5. Olanzapine
6. Ziprasodine
Click here to read the mnemonic used to remember these drugs .
Thursday, July 4, 2013
59 - Characteristics of antituberculous drugs
DrugMost Common Side EffectsTests for Side EffectsDrug InteractionsIsoniazid-
Bactericidal to both extracellular and intracellular organisms. Pyridoxine, 10 mg orally daily as prophylaxis for neuritis; 50–100 mg orally daily as treatment.Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis, rash, mild CNS effects.AST and ALT; neurologic examination.Phenytoin (synergistic); disulfiram.Rifampin-
Bactericidal to all populations of organisms. Colors urine and other body secretions orange. Discoloring of contact lenses.Hepatitis, fever, rash, flu-like illness, gastrointestinal upset, bleeding problems, renal failure.Rifampin inhibits the effect of oral contraceptives, quinidine, corticosteroids, warfarin, methadone, digoxin, oral hypoglycemics; aminosalicylic acid may interfere with absorption of rifampin. Significant interactions with protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.Pyrazinamide-
Bactericidal to intracellular organisms.Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity, rash, gastrointestinal upset, joint aches.Ethambutol-
Bacteriostatic to both intracellular and extracellular organisms. Mainly used to inhibit development of resistant mutants. Use with caution in renal disease or when ophthalmologic testing is not feasibleOptic neuritis (reversible with discontinuance of drug; rare at 15 mg/kg); rash.Red-green color discrimination and visual acuity (difficult to test in children under 3 years of age).Streptomycin-
Bactericidal to extracellular organisms. Use with caution in older patients or those with renal disease.Eighth nerve damage, nephrotoxicity.Vestibular function (audiograms); BUN and creatinine.Neuromuscular blocking agents may be potentiated and cause prolonged paralysis.AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CBC, complete blood count; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.
Bactericidal to both extracellular and intracellular organisms. Pyridoxine, 10 mg orally daily as prophylaxis for neuritis; 50–100 mg orally daily as treatment.Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis, rash, mild CNS effects.AST and ALT; neurologic examination.Phenytoin (synergistic); disulfiram.Rifampin-
Bactericidal to all populations of organisms. Colors urine and other body secretions orange. Discoloring of contact lenses.Hepatitis, fever, rash, flu-like illness, gastrointestinal upset, bleeding problems, renal failure.Rifampin inhibits the effect of oral contraceptives, quinidine, corticosteroids, warfarin, methadone, digoxin, oral hypoglycemics; aminosalicylic acid may interfere with absorption of rifampin. Significant interactions with protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.Pyrazinamide-
Bactericidal to intracellular organisms.Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity, rash, gastrointestinal upset, joint aches.Ethambutol-
Bacteriostatic to both intracellular and extracellular organisms. Mainly used to inhibit development of resistant mutants. Use with caution in renal disease or when ophthalmologic testing is not feasibleOptic neuritis (reversible with discontinuance of drug; rare at 15 mg/kg); rash.Red-green color discrimination and visual acuity (difficult to test in children under 3 years of age).Streptomycin-
Bactericidal to extracellular organisms. Use with caution in older patients or those with renal disease.Eighth nerve damage, nephrotoxicity.Vestibular function (audiograms); BUN and creatinine.Neuromuscular blocking agents may be potentiated and cause prolonged paralysis.AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; CBC, complete blood count; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.
42 - Alkylating agents ( Anticancer drugs )
These drugs are direct DNA-interacting agents . examples are :
1. cyclophosphamide*
2. mechlorethamine*
3. chlorambucil*
4. melphalan(L-sarcolysin)*
5. ifosfamide*
6. lomustine ( CCNU ) %
7. carmustine ( BCNU ) %
8. streptozocin (streptozotocin) %
9. dacarbazine ( DTIC; dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide ) =
10. temozolomide =
11. oxaliplatin -
12. cisplatin -
13. carboplatin -
1. cyclophosphamide*
2. mechlorethamine*
3. chlorambucil*
4. melphalan(L-sarcolysin)*
5. ifosfamide*
6. lomustine ( CCNU ) %
7. carmustine ( BCNU ) %
8. streptozocin (streptozotocin) %
9. dacarbazine ( DTIC; dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide ) =
10. temozolomide =
11. oxaliplatin -
12. cisplatin -
13. carboplatin -
14. altretamine ( formerly hexamethyl melamine ) +
15. thiotepa +
16. procarbazine (N-methyl hydrazine, MIH) !
17. busulfan $
-----------------------------
* (1-5) Nitrogen mustards
% (6-8) Nitrosoureas
= (9,10) Triazenes
- (11-13) Platinum coordination complexes
+ (14,15) Ethyleneimines and methylmelamines
! (16) Methylhydrazine derivative
$ (17) Alkyl sulfonate
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